/* ==========================================================================
   English Communication Journal — Editorial Design System
   A quiet, authoritative reading experience inspired by longform publications.
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  /* Editorial Palette: warm paper, deep carbon ink, muted archival accent */
  --color-bg: #fcfbf9;
  --color-bg-alt: #f5f4ef;
  --color-surface: #ffffff;
  --color-ink: #181715;
  --color-ink-light: #2c2a27;
  --color-muted: #646059;
  --color-caption: #54514b;
  --color-rule: #e5e2da;
  --color-rule-dark: #b8b3a7;
  --color-accent: #8b2626; /* Restrained heritage oxblood */
  --color-accent-subtle: #f6eeee;
  --color-accent-hover: #6d1c1c;
  --color-focus: #8b2626;

  /* Typography */
  --font-display: "Newsreader", "Charter", "Bitstream Charter", Cambria, Georgia, serif;
  --font-body: "Source Serif 4", "Newsreader", "Charter", Georgia, serif;
  --font-sans: "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;

  /* Sizing and Measure */
  --measure-content: 68ch;
  --measure-wide: 88ch;
  --measure-page: 1120px;
  --header-height: 52px;

  /* Transitions */
  --transition-fast: 0.15s ease;
  --transition-smooth: 0.25s ease;
}

/* Modern CSS Reset & Box Sizing */
*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  color: var(--color-ink);
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 24px);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-weight: 400;
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
  color: var(--color-ink);
  min-height: 100vh;
  position: relative;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* Accessible Skip Link */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -60px;
  left: 20px;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;
  z-index: 10000;
  transition: top var(--transition-fast);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0;
  outline: 3px solid var(--color-ink);
}

/* Reading Progress Indicator */
#reading-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 3px;
  width: 0%;
  background-color: var(--color-accent);
  z-index: 9999;
  transition: width 0.08s linear;
}

/* Sticky Top Utility / Publication Bar */
.sticky-bar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: var(--header-height);
  background-color: rgba(252, 251, 249, 0.95);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  z-index: 900;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0 clamp(16px, 4vw, 36px);
}

.sticky-bar-title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-weight: 600;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}

.sticky-bar-active-entry {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  display: none;
}

@media (min-width: 680px) {
  .sticky-bar-active-entry {
    display: inline;
  }
}

.sticky-bar-author {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Page Frame Container */
.page-container {
  max-width: var(--measure-page);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 clamp(20px, 4vw, 40px);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Header (Simple, Confident Editorial Style)
   ========================================================================== */

.masthead {
  padding-top: 56px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.masthead-title-wrap {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.masthead-title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.5vw, 3.8rem);
  line-height: 1.12;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.masthead-author {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Editorial Journal Entries (Main Content)
   ========================================================================== */

main.journal-main {
  padding-top: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 80px;
}

.journal-entry {
  max-width: var(--measure-content);
  margin: 0 auto 96px auto;
  position: relative;
}

.journal-entry:last-of-type {
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

/* Entry Header */
.entry-header {
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  text-align: left;
}

.entry-number {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--color-accent);
}

.entry-title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.5vw, 2.9rem);
  line-height: 1.15;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.entry-theme {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Entry Body Prose */
.entry-body {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.78;
  color: var(--color-ink-light);
}

.entry-body p {
  margin-bottom: 1.6em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* Editorial Drop Cap on First Paragraph */
.entry-body p.lead::first-letter {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  float: left;
  font-size: 3.9rem;
  line-height: 0.82;
  margin-top: 0.08em;
  margin-right: 0.16em;
  margin-bottom: -0.05em;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* Emphasis, Quotes, Subheadings */
.entry-body blockquote {
  margin: 2.2em 0;
  padding: 0.6em 0 0.6em 1.5em;
  border-left: 2.5px solid var(--color-accent);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  background: var(--color-accent-subtle);
  border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
}

.entry-body blockquote p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Subheadings for Group Feedback (Journal 4) */
.feedback-subentry {
  margin-top: 2.6em;
  margin-bottom: 1.8em;
  padding-top: 1.8em;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.feedback-group-title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

/* Principles in Journal 5 */
.principles-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 2em 0;
}

.principle-item {
  margin-bottom: 1.6em;
  padding-left: 1.4em;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--color-rule-dark);
}

.principle-label {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.3em;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Editorial Figures, Photographs & Captions
   ========================================================================== */

.editorial-figure {
  margin: 3.2em 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.figure-media-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  background-color: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  padding: 6px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.editorial-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 720px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

/* Specific styling for portrait personal photo & portrait archival photos */
.editorial-figure.figure-portrait {
  max-width: 540px;
  margin: 3.2em auto;
}

.editorial-figure.figure-portrait img {
  max-height: 640px;
  object-position: center top;
}

.editorial-figure figcaption {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--color-caption);
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding-top: 8px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

.figure-credit {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-top: 4px;
}

.figure-credit a {
  color: var(--color-ink);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.figure-credit a:hover,
.figure-credit a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.entry-separator {
  max-width: var(--measure-content);
  margin: 0 auto 96px auto;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Footer & Editorial Colophon
   ========================================================================== */

.journal-footer {
  background-color: var(--color-bg-alt);
  border-top: 3px double var(--color-rule-dark);
  padding: 64px 0 48px;
  margin-top: 48px;
}

.colophon-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.colophon-block h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.colophon-block p {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--color-caption);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.colophon-block ul {
  list-style: none;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--color-caption);
}

.colophon-block li {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.colophon-block a {
  color: var(--color-ink);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.colophon-block a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 16px;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-rule);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}

.back-to-top-btn {
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-rule-dark);
  color: var(--color-ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.back-to-top-btn:hover,
.back-to-top-btn:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  background-color: var(--color-bg);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Responsive & Print Styles
   ========================================================================== */

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  html {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .masthead {
    padding-top: 36px;
    padding-bottom: 28px;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
  }

  .journal-entry {
    margin-bottom: 64px;
  }

  .entry-separator {
    margin-bottom: 64px;
  }

  .editorial-figure {
    margin: 2.2em 0;
  }

  .editorial-figure.figure-portrait {
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .colophon-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
  }
}

@media print {
  #reading-progress,
  .sticky-bar,
  .back-to-top-btn {
    display: none !important;
  }

  body {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
    font-size: 11pt;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .page-container {
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 0;
  }

  .journal-entry {
    page-break-inside: avoid;
    margin-bottom: 40pt;
  }

  .editorial-figure img {
    max-height: 350pt;
  }
}